Abdulhadi, A. (2020). Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis at a Referral Center in Iraq. Adab Al-Kufa, 20(1), 1-7.
Ahmed Fadhil Abdulhadi. "Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis at a Referral Center in Iraq". Adab Al-Kufa, 20, 1, 2020, 1-7.
Abdulhadi, A. (2020). 'Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis at a Referral Center in Iraq', Adab Al-Kufa, 20(1), pp. 1-7.
Abdulhadi, A. Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis at a Referral Center in Iraq. Adab Al-Kufa, 2020; 20(1): 1-7.

Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis at a Referral Center in Iraq

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
Article 2, Volume 20, Issue 1, Winter 2021, Page 1-7  XML PDF (154 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
Author
Ahmed Fadhil Abdulhadi
Al-Najaf Health Directorate/Al-Sader Medical City., Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf, Iraq
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Ocular toxoplasmosis is an important cause of posterior uveitis worldwide including Iraq.
OBJECTIVE:
To study the clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis at a referral center in Iraq.
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Nine months prospective case series study was performed in the outpatient clinic at Ibn Al Haetham teaching eye hospital in Baghdad, Iraq. The diagnosis was mainly clinical supported by serological tests.
RESULTS:
In this study 20 patients were diagnosed with Ocular toxoplasmosis. Primary active, recurrent & an inactive diseases were reported in: 8 patients (40%), 7 patients (35%) & 5 patients (25%) respectively. Unilateral disease was seen in 13 patients (65%), while bilateral disease was seen in 7 patients (35%). The macula was involved in 15 eyes (55.5%). Visual acuity at presentation was: ≤ 6/36 seen in 15 eyes (55.5%). Complications –reported at a rate of (75%)- were include: High IOP, macular edema, optic disc swelling, Choroidal neovascularization & branch retinal vein oclusion.
CONCLUSION:
The commonest type of presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis seen in this study was the primary active retinitis, followed by recurrent disease. Poor visual outcome seen at the end of treatment course was mainly due to macular involvement.

Keywords
ocular toxoplasmosis; recurrent; primary active disease
References
  1. Louis BC., Christopher JR., George AC. ,     Intraocular inflammation andm Uveitis.(editors) Read RW.,       Acharya N. et al, Basic and Clinical Science Course,San Francisco, CA: American Academy of Ophthalmology; 2016 : 207-13.
  2. Bowling B. Uveitis. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology A systematic Approach. 8th ed, China : Elsevier: 2016: P 426-432.
  3. Al-Shakarchi FI. Pattern of uveitis at a referral center in Iraq. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2014;21:291-5.
  4. Chiang T-Y, Kuo M-C, Chen C-H et al. Risk Factors for Acute Toxoplasma gondii Diseases in Taiwan: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. PLoS (public library of science) ONE .2014; 9:e90880.
  5. Butler NJ, Furtado JM, Winthrop KL et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis II: clinical features,pathology and management. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology. 2012;41:95–108.
  6. Holland GN. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part II: disease manifestations and management.AmJOphthalmol.2004;137:1-17.
  7. Bosch-Driessen LE, Berendschot TT, Ongkosuwito JV et al. Ocular toxoplasmosi: clinical features and prognosis of 154 patients. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:869–78.
  8. Bonfioli AA, Orefice F. Toxoplasmosis. Semin Ophthalmol. 2005; 20:129–41.
  9. Dodds EM, Holland GN, Stanford MR et al. Intraocular inflammation associated with ocular toxoplasmosis: relationships at initial examination. Am J Ophthalmol.2008; 146:856–65.
  10. Holland GN, O’Connor GR, Belfort R, et al , Ocular infection & immunity , MosbyYear Book, Inc.1996;1183–1223.
  11. Friedmann CT, Knox DL. Variations in recurrent active toxoplasmic
    retinochoroiditis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969; 81:481–93.
  12. Justine RS., Emmett TC. Atypical presentations of ocular toxoplasmosis. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology .2002; 13:387–92.
  13. retinal vasculitis. Int Ophthalmol (2010): 30:149–73.
  14. Borruat FX, Kapoor R, Sanders MD. Simultaneous retinal and optic nerve lesions intoxoplasmosis: the advantages of magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Ophthalmol.1993; 77:450–52.
  15. Song A, Scott IU, Davis JL, et al. Atypical anterior optic neuropathy caused by toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 133:162–64.
  16. Doft BH, Gass DM. Punctate outer retinal toxoplasmosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;
    103:1332–6.
  17. Matthews JD, Weiter JJ. Outer retinal toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology. 1988;95:941–6.
  18. Pivetti-Pezzi P, Accorinti M, Tamburi S, et al.Clinical features of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in   patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Ophthalmol. 1994; 26:73–84.
  19. Dunn D, Wallon M, Peyron F, et al.Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis:risk estimates for clinicalcounselling.Lancet.1999;353:1829–33.
  20. Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 2004; 363:1965–76.
  21. Akstein Abu El-Asrar AM., Herbort CP, Tabbara KF. A clinical approach to the diagnosis of
    RB, Wilson LA, Teutsch SM. Acquired toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology.1982; 89:1299–302.
  22. Perkins ES. Ocular toxoplasmosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1973; 57: 1–17.
  23. Couvreur J, Thulliez P. Acquired toxoplasmosis of ocular or neurologic site: 49cases. Presse Med . 1996;25:438-42.
  24. Roberts F, Mets MB, Ferguson DJ, et al. Histopathological features of ocular toxoplasmosis in the fetus and infant. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001; 119:51–8.
  25. Ronday MJ, Luyendijk L, Baarsma GS et al.Presumed acquired ocular toxoplasmosis. Arch Ophthalmol.1995;113:1524–9.
  26. Jerry AS. , Carol LS. , Hakan D. et al . Solitary Idiopathic Choroiditis . Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:311-19.
  27. de-la-Torre A, Lopez-Castillo CA, Gomez-Marin JE. Incidence and clinical characteristics in a Colombian cohort of ocular toxoplasmosis. Eye (Lond) 2009;23:1090–93.
  28. London NJ, Hovakimyan A, Cubillan LD et al .Prevalence, clinical characteristics,and causes of vision loss in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2011;21:811–19.
  29. Abraham EG, Umanah IN, Uwah AI et al. Presumed oculartoxoplasmosis inUniversity of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria. J Dent Med Sci 2013;5:24‑26.
  30. Accorinti M, Bruscolini A, Pirraglia MP et al .Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in an Italian referral center.EurJOphthalmol2009;19:824–30.
  31. Nkwogu FU, Joss A, Dutton GN. Presumed toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis as seen
    in Kaduna, Nigeria. Niger J Ophthalmol. 1994;2:25‑34.
  32. Atmaca LS, Simsek T, Batioglu F. Clinical features and prognosis in ocular
    toxoplasmosis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004; 48:386–391.
Statistics
Article View: 11
PDF Download: 11